Novel Coding Strategies for Children with Cochlear Implants
Prior to the onset of deafness, the auditory brain of post-lingually deafened adults develops in response to a rich complement of spectral, temporal, and intensity cues from acoustic input. After becoming deaf and subsequently receiving a cochlear implant (CI), these recipients need time to adjust to the CI but eventually attain relatively high levels of speech understanding. By contrast, the auditory brain of children who are born deaf and receive a CI develops in direct response to electrical stimulation. Although their auditory systems do not benefit from the same rich acoustic input as that of post-lingually deafened adults prior to deafness, children have the advantage of adapting to the CI during the time window when neural plasticity is most sensitive. Therefore, it is assumed that the auditory brains of these two populations are different—yet both groups are fitted with the same coding strategies that were developed primarily for post-lingually deafened adults without consideration of children’s select listening needs. Although many implanted children do develop speech recognition (e.g. Niparko et al., 2010; Eisenberg et al., 2016) outcome variability remains high. Evidence from a small group of children with single-channel CIs (Berliner et al., 1989) suggests that early deafened children are able to access temporal cues from electrical stimulaton to understand speech in an open set. Pilot data from the Landsberger lab suggest that children with multichannel CIs attain better modulation detection thresholds than adult CI recipients. We recently published that early deafened children are less able to access spectral cues from multichannel CIs to the same extent as post-lingually deafened adults and hearing children (Landsberger et al., 2017). Taken together, these findings imply that early implanted children develop auditory skills differently than implanted adults through differential weighting of cues or combinations of cues. If so, then establishing optimal CI programming strategies, such as adjusting amplitude mapping to maintain key spectro-temporal contrasts, could conceivably improve perceptual outcomes for early implanted children.
Novelty and Early Assessment of Temperament (NEAT) Study
This pilot study will examine individual differences in how the brain processes novelty. This will provide preliminary data on the neural mechanisms that underlie attention to novelty, a key behavioral risk marker of anxiety disorders.
NRG-BR007: A PHASE III CLINICAL TRIAL EVALUATING DE-ESCALATION OF BREAST RADIATION FOR CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF STAGE I HORMONE SENSITIVE HER2-NEGATIVE ONCOTYPE RECURRENCE SCORE = 18 BREAST CANCER
Primary ObjectiveTo evaluate whether breast conservation surgery and endocrine therapy results in a non-inferior rate of ipsilateral-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) compared to breast conservation with breast radiation and endocrine therapy.Primary HypothesisBreast conservation surgery and endocrine therapy results in a non-inferior rate of invasive or non-invasive ipsilateral-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) as compared to breast conservation, breast radiation, and endocrine therapy.
NRG-BR009: A Phase III Adjuvant Trial Evaluating the Addition of Adjuvant Chemotherapy to Ovarian Function Suppression plus Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Patients with pN0-1 ER Positive/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer and an Oncotype Recurrence Score = 25 (OFSET)
This study wants to see if giving extra chemotherapy (adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) to ovarian function suppression plus endocrine therapy) helps premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. The study team wants to know if adding this extra treatment (ACT) can improve survival rates and keep the cancer from coming back. The study team is also checking if the extra treatment causes more menopausal symptoms or more pain during other treatments. Additionally, they'll look at how well patients stick to their treatment plan, the effect on their ovaries, any long-term side effects, and how their quality of life is affected.
NTM Patient Education Program | NYU Langone Health
People who have nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are invited to an education program hosted by NYU Langone.
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