Neural markers of risk for anxiety in infancy
This study will examine associations between brain development and several behavioral risk markers for anxiety. This work will provide novel data on the neurodevelopmental mechanisms that underlie the development of anxiety
Neuro-Ophthalmology Program | NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone’s Neuro-Ophthalmology Program provides high-quality care to people with disorders affecting vision and the nervous system.
Neuro-Ophthalmology Program Doctors | NYU Langone Health
Find a doctor at the Neuro-Ophthalmology Program at NYU Langone.
Neurobehavioral Effects of Visual Assistive Technology
This research uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study changes in brain activity for subjects that are being trained to use sensory substitution devices. Advanced MRI techniques are currently used to study the brain structure and function both in healthy individuals and in patients with a variety of diseases and conditions. Our aim is to measure the responses induced in vision areas of the brain in blind subjects that use these sensory substitution devices as a means to “see” through their tactile perception on the body or auditory perception via headphones. Subject brains will be scanned with a FDA-approved 3-Tesla MRI system, commonly used for this type of research.
Neuroblastoma in Children | NYU Langone Health
Specialists at Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone treat neuroblastoma and offer support to children and their families.
Neuroenergetic Adaptations in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications on Amyloid Burden and Cognition
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. The number of persons with AD in the US is expected to reach 13.5 million by 2050, and the medical costs associated with AD are expected to exceed $20 trillion over the next 40 years. Available drugs offer only moderate symptom alleviation. Most importantly, no therapeutic strategies have demonstrated clinically significant disease modifying benefits, with more than 100 failed clinical trials in the last 20 years. Emerging evidence suggests striking similarities between energetic adaptations observed in central nervous system (CNS) cells in sporadic AD and those shown by cancer cells. These include a shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to up-regulation of aerobic glycolysis (AG) as an adaptive mechanism against neurotoxic conditions (e.g., the accumulation of amyloid beta [Aß] oligomers in the case of AD). This energetic shift could explain the paradoxical observation that many elderly individuals remain cognitively normal (NL) despite the presence of high levels of Aß deposition. While AG upregulation may serve as a stopgap to rescue select neurons and preserve cognition, its long-term upregulation reduces neuron viability due to improper processing of lactate, increased levels of which cause oxidative stress and neuronal loss. Subsequently, greater energy demands are placed on the diminished neuron population, which initiates a new shift to increased OxPhos that is also consistent with reduced efficiency in ATP synthesis by mitochondrial dysregulation (a hallmark of AD) and neuronal death. This model predicts: i) increased AG in Aß+ NL subjects compared to Aß– NL controls, ii) decreased OxPhos in Aß+ NL subjects compared to Aß– NL controls, and iii) increased OxPhos in neuronal cells that have survived apoptosis in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD patients compared to Aß+ NL controls. Combined multinuclear MR/PET is a uniquely suitable tool to directly test such neuroenergetic models. While our study focuses on the compensatory energy pathways and Aß in AD, the tools we develop can provide vital insight on a range of amyloid cascade and/or neuroenergetic hypotheses. We will use our MR/PET system to measure amyloid deposition with PiB (Pittsburgh compound)-PET, OxPhos with phosphorus (31P) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI), and lactate with proton (1H)-MRSI. This work has been propelled by our recent instrumentation grant that has enabled multinuclear MRSI/PET on our clinical scanner. In addition, we engineered and tested a highly sensitive dual/tuned 31P/1H) head coil array with low PET attenuation, and developed a software pipeline that uses anatomical MR images to create volumes of interest that selectively include cortical regions with high AG in the presence of adequate oxygen in healthy subjects. Together, these tools will enable simultaneous co-localized 31P/1H-MRSI and PET imaging for pioneering AD neuroenergetic evaluation in a group of 15 elderly participants (age range: 70–85 y/o) with aMCI and 30 age- and sex-matched NL controls.
Neurofibromatosis | NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone doctors diagnose and manage neurofibromatosis in adults and children.
Neurogenetics Program | NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone’s Neurogenetics Program offers high quality medical care for neurogenetic diseases.
Neurogenetics Program Doctors | NYU Langone Health
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Neurological Emergencies Outcomes at NYU
The purpose of this submission is to establish risk factors for infection after acute neurologic injury and to determine their impact on long-term outcomes. The research objectives of the proposed retrospective observational study and prospective cohort study are to:1. Identify pre-injury and hospital course variables that affect rate of nosocomial infections. Variables to be recorded include acute pathophysiologic processes (ex. hydrocephalus, severity of hemorrhage, vasospasm, etc.), lab values, vital signs, imaging study findings, treatments/therapies, procedures, hospital complications, past medical history, social history, etc.2. Identify impact of nosocomial infection on 3 month and 12 month outcomes in patients with acute neurologic injury. Outcomes to be measured include psychological, emotional, physical, quality of life, and global outcomes. This information may lead to the development of improved assessment of prognosis, and improved treatment strategies for patients with neurocritical illness. Additionally, data may lead to an intervention to prevent infection, such as a clinical trial of prophylactic antibiotics for patients with acute neurologic injury. Study design:This is a both a prospective cohort study and a retrospective observational cohort study.